What is the vertical part of stairs called?

Vertical Components of Stairs: What Are They Called?

Brief Summary

The primary vertical component of a staircase is called the riser. It’s the board or panel that forms the front, vertical face of each step, connecting one tread (the horizontal step surface) to the next.

Expanded Answer

Risers: More Than Just a Vertical Piece

• Function: Risers primarily serve to:
  • Define Step Height: They create the vertical separation between treads, ensuring a consistent and predictable step height for safe and comfortable stair climbing.
  • Structural Support: They contribute to the overall structural integrity of the staircase, especially in closed-stringer designs where they are housed within the stringers.
  • Visual Impact: Risers play a significant role in the staircase’s aesthetic, influencing its overall look and feel.
• Types of Risers:
  • Closed Risers: The most common type, closed risers are solid boards that fully enclose the space between treads.
  • Open Risers: These staircases lack risers, creating a more open and airy feel but may require additional safety considerations.

Other Vertical Elements in Staircases

While risers are the primary vertical components, other vertical elements contribute to the overall staircase structure:

• Balusters (or Spindles): These are the vertical posts that support the handrail and fill the space between newel posts. They serve as a safety barrier and add visual interest.
• Newel Posts: Larger, more substantial posts that anchor the handrail at key points, such as the beginning and end of a staircase, landings, or turns. They provide structural support and visual emphasis.
• Stringers: While primarily structural, stringers can also have a vertical component, especially in open-stringer designs where they are visible from the side.

Building Codes & Vertical Elements

• Riser Height: Building codes in the USA regulate riser height to ensure safe and comfortable stair climbing. The maximum riser height is typically around 7-7.5 inches, though it can vary slightly depending on local jurisdictions.
• Baluster Spacing: The space between balusters (or spindles) must not exceed 4 inches to prevent children from passing through or getting stuck.
• Railing Height: The overall height of the railing system, including the handrail and any vertical supports, typically needs to be at least 34-36 inches.

Design Trends & Vertical Elements

• Open Risers: Modern and contemporary designs often favor open riser staircases for their airy and spacious feel. However, they require careful consideration for safety, especially with young children or pets.
• Mixed Materials: Combining different materials for vertical elements, like wood treads with metal balusters, is a popular trend that adds visual interest and texture.
• Floating Staircases: These visually striking designs often lack risers and even stringers, creating a floating illusion. However, they require specialized engineering and construction techniques for safety and stability.

Conclusion

The vertical part of a stair, primarily known as the riser, plays a critical role in defining the step height and contributing to both the safety and aesthetics of the staircase. Understanding the terminology and functions of different vertical components, along with relevant building codes, is essential for designing or renovating a staircase that is both functional and visually appealing.