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What are joist supports called?

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Demystifying Joist Supports: What Are They Called?

Brief Summary

While the term “joist hanger” is the most common and technically accurate, other names exist depending on specific design or function, such as beam hangers, rafter hangers, or even just “hangers.” All, however, serve the primary purpose of providing secure support and connection points for joists within a structural framework.

Expanded Answer

Joist Hangers: The Go-To Solution

  • Function: Joist hangers are metal connectors specifically engineered to support the ends of joists where they meet a beam or ledger board. They ensure a secure and load-bearing connection, transferring the weight of the floor or ceiling structure to the supporting members.
  • Design & Variety: Joist hangers come in various sizes and configurations to accommodate different joist dimensions and load requirements. They typically feature a U-shaped or L-shaped design with multiple nail or screw holes for secure attachment.
  • Material: Most joist hangers are made from galvanized steel for strength and corrosion resistance. Stainless steel or other specialized coatings may be used in specific environments or applications.

Other Names for Joist Supports

  • Beam Hangers: When used to connect joists to beams, they may be called beam hangers. These hangers are typically larger and heavier-duty than standard joist hangers to handle the increased loads.
  • Rafter Hangers: In roof framing, similar metal connectors are used to secure rafters to ridge beams or wall plates. These may be referred to as rafter hangers or rafter ties.
  • Hangers (Generic): In casual conversation or general construction terminology, joist supports may simply be called “hangers.” However, this term lacks specificity and may refer to other types of connectors as well.

Importance of Proper Joist Support

  • Structural Integrity: Joist hangers are critical for maintaining the structural integrity of floors and ceilings. They prevent joists from slipping or twisting, ensuring a safe and stable framework.
  • Building Code Compliance: Building codes in the USA mandate the use of approved joist hangers and specify their proper installation to meet safety standards.
  • Load-Bearing Capacity: Different joist hangers have varying load capacities based on their size, design, and material. It is crucial to select the appropriate hanger for the specific application and load requirements.

Installation & Trends

  • Proper Installation: Correct installation is essential for ensuring the effectiveness of joist hangers. This includes using the correct nails or screws, ensuring proper alignment and seating of the joist, and following manufacturer’s instructions.
  • Remodeling & Renovations: When modifying or extending existing structures, joist hangers provide a convenient and code-compliant way to connect new joists to existing framing members.
  • Innovation & Trends: Advancements in building technology have led to the development of specialized joist hangers for various applications, such as seismic-resistant hangers and adjustable hangers for sloped ceilings.

Conclusion

While several terms may be used to describe joist supports, “joist hanger” remains the most accurate and widely recognized. These metal connectors are crucial for ensuring the structural integrity and safety of floors and ceilings in both new construction and remodeling projects. By understanding their function, types, and proper installation, you can make informed decisions for your construction or renovation project.

Can I use joist hangers for stair stringers?

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Can Joist Hangers Be Used for Stair Stringers?

While joist hangers are designed for supporting floor joists, their use for stair stringers is generally discouraged and often prohibited by building codes. Stair stringers experience different load patterns and forces than floor joists, and joist hangers may not provide the necessary strength and stability for this application.

The Difference in Load Bearing

  • Joist Hangers and Floor Joists: Joist hangers are designed to primarily support vertical loads from floor joists, which transfer weight evenly across their span.
  • Stair Stringers: Stair stringers experience a combination of vertical and lateral loads as people ascend and descend the stairs. These loads can create significant stress on the connection between the stringer and the supporting structure.

Building Codes and Safety Concerns

  • Stringer Support Requirements: Building codes often require specific methods for supporting stair stringers, typically involving direct attachment to a ledger board, rim joist, or other substantial framing members.
  • Joist Hanger Limitations: Joist hangers may not be listed or approved for use with stair stringers, and their use could compromise the structural integrity of the staircase.
  • Safety Risks: Using unapproved or inadequate support methods for stair stringers can lead to structural failure, creating a serious safety hazard.

Alternatives to Joist Hangers for Stair Stringers

  • Ledger Board: Attaching the stringer to a ledger board that is securely fastened to the rim joist or wall framing is a common and code-compliant method.
  • Carriage Bolts: Carriage bolts can be used to connect the stringer directly to the rim joist or other suitable framing members.
  • Notched Stringers: Notching the stringer to rest on the rim joist or ledger board can provide additional support and stability.

When Joist Hangers Might Be Considered

  • Non-load-bearing Stringers: In some cases, joist hangers might be used for non-load-bearing stringers, such as those supporting a small landing or decorative element. However, it’s crucial to consult with a structural engineer or building official to ensure the application is safe and code-compliant.
  • Temporary or Light-duty Staircases: Joist hangers might be suitable for temporary or light-duty staircases, such as those used during construction or for access to attics or crawl spaces. However, even in these situations, it’s important to prioritize safety and ensure the staircase is adequately supported.

Conclusion

While it may be tempting to use readily available joist hangers for stair stringers, it’s essential to prioritize safety and adhere to building code requirements. Opting for approved and structurally sound methods for supporting stair stringers is crucial to ensure the safety and longevity of your staircase.