What is the difference between a stringer and a riser?

What’s the Difference Between a Stringer and a Riser on a Staircase?

Stringer vs. Riser: Unraveling the Structural and Aesthetic Roles

While both stringers and risers are integral components of a staircase, they serve distinct functions and have different placements within the structure. Understanding their roles is key to grasping the overall design and construction of staircases.

Stringer: The Backbone of the Staircase

The stringer forms the structural backbone of the staircase, providing crucial support for the treads and risers. It’s a long, sturdy board, typically made of wood or metal, that runs along the side or center of the staircase.

• Load-Bearing: The stringer carries the weight of the staircase and its users, transferring it to the floor or supporting structure.
• Shape and Notches: Stringers are typically cut with notches or pockets to accommodate the treads and risers, creating the stepped profile of the staircase.
• Types: There are various types of stringers, including closed stringers (where the treads and risers are concealed within the stringer), open stringers (where the treads and risers are visible), and mono stringers (a single central support beam).

Riser: The Vertical Component

The riser is the vertical component of the staircase that connects one tread to the next. It forms the “back” of each step and contributes to the overall rise of the staircase.

• Defining Step Height: The height of the risers determines the steepness of the stairs. Building codes regulate the maximum and minimum riser heights to ensure safety and accessibility.
• Visual Impact: Risers play a significant role in the aesthetic appeal of the staircase. They can be closed (solid) or open (allowing light and air to pass through), influencing the overall look and feel of the space.

Building Codes and Staircase Components

Both stringers and risers are subject to specific regulations in U.S. building codes to ensure the structural integrity and safety of staircases.

• Stringer Requirements: Codes specify the minimum dimensions and material requirements for stringers based on the anticipated load and span of the staircase.
• Riser Requirements: Codes dictate the maximum and minimum allowable riser height to prevent excessively steep or shallow stairs that could pose a tripping hazard.

Remodeling Trends and Staircase Design

Modern staircase design often pushes the boundaries of traditional aesthetics, leading to innovative uses of stringers and risers.

• Open Riser Staircases: The increasing popularity of open floor plans has fueled a trend toward open riser staircases, which feature treads without risers. This creates a sense of openness and visual lightness but requires careful structural considerations for the stringers.
• Floating Staircases: Floating staircases, with their cantilevered treads and concealed stringers, offer a dramatic and minimalist aesthetic. These designs often necessitate the use of robust materials and innovative construction techniques.

Conclusion

Stringers and risers, while both integral components of a staircase, play distinct roles in its structure and appearance. The stringer forms the sturdy backbone, while the riser defines the step height and contributes to the overall aesthetic. Understanding their individual functions and the building codes that govern them is crucial for anyone involved in staircase design or construction. Whether you’re building a traditional or contemporary staircase, ensuring the proper integration of stringers and risers will result in a safe, functional, and visually appealing structure.