What are the two parts of a stair called?

Staircase Fundamentals: The Two Essential Parts of a Stair

The Simple Answer:

The two fundamental parts of a stair are the riser and the tread. The riser is the vertical component that forms the height between each step, while the tread is the horizontal part that you step on. Together, they create the basic unit that allows for safe and comfortable movement between levels in a building.

Delving Deeper into Risers & Treads:

Risers: The Vertical Backbone

• Definition: The riser is the vertical face of a step, connecting one tread to the next. It’s the “back” of the step, defining the height you ascend or descend with each stride.
• Open vs. Closed Risers: Staircases can have either open or closed risers.
  • Closed Risers: These are the traditional style where the space between treads is completely filled in, creating a solid vertical surface.
  • Open Risers: In this contemporary style, the space between treads is left open, offering a more airy and spacious feel but requiring careful consideration for safety, especially in homes with young children or pets.
• Building Codes & Safety: Building codes dictate maximum and minimum riser heights to ensure safety and comfort. Typically, riser heights range between 7 and 7.75 inches.

Treads: Where You Step

• Definition: The tread is the horizontal surface of the step, the part you place your foot on when climbing or descending the stairs.
• Dimensions: The depth (or run) of the tread is crucial for comfortable and safe footing. Building codes stipulate minimum tread depths, usually around 10 inches.
• Nosing: The nosing is the slightly protruding edge of the tread that overhangs the riser below. It provides additional foot space and can enhance safety by preventing slips.
• Tread Materials: Treads can be made from various materials, including wood, stone, tile, or metal, each offering different aesthetics and levels of slip resistance.

The Relationship Between Risers & Treads:

• The “Rise and Run”: The relationship between the riser height and tread depth is crucial for determining the overall comfort and safety of the staircase. A common formula used by architects and builders is: 2 * Riser + Tread = 24 to 25 inches. This ensures a comfortable stride and minimizes the risk of tripping.

Building Code Compliance:

• Safety First: Building codes establish strict regulations for riser heights, tread depths, and overall staircase dimensions to ensure safe and comfortable movement for occupants.
• Local Variations: It’s crucial to consult local building codes as specific requirements may differ depending on your location.
• Accessibility: For staircases in public spaces or multi-family dwellings, ADA guidelines also come into play, dictating specific dimensions and features to accommodate people with disabilities.

Current Trends:

• Floating Staircases: These visually striking staircases with open risers and cantilevered treads offer a modern aesthetic but require careful engineering and adherence to safety codes.
• Mixed Material Staircases: Combining different materials for risers, treads, and stringers creates a unique visual impact and complements various design styles.
• Integrated Lighting: LED lighting embedded in stair risers or treads adds a dramatic touch and enhances safety, especially in low-light conditions.

Conclusion:

Understanding the two primary components of a stair – the riser and the tread – empowers homeowners to make informed decisions during building or renovation projects. By prioritizing safety, adhering to building codes, and exploring current design trends, you can create a staircase that’s not only functional but also a beautiful focal point in your home.